Originally authored by Ali Gunnells and edited by Sam Turner, this project is the culmination of an independent study conducted under the supervision of Dr. Tanya Clement during the summer of 2022. The project explores how archival rhetorics are employed in contemporary podcasting through an analysis of Jill Lepore’s podcast The Last Archive. In the pages of this AVAnnotate project, you will find annotations of the first four episodes of The Last Archive Season 1, which were completed using Audacity. The project abstract is included below, and the full contextual essay can be found on the "Context Essay" page.
Abstract
The Last Archive, a podcast created and hosted by historian Jill Lepore, asks the provocative question, “Who killed the truth?”
Annotations
00:01:15 - 00:01:15
First descriptions of the last archive include a corridor of the mind, shelves stuffed with proof
00:01:19 - 00:01:19
Faint sount of light footsteps in the background; sense that Lepore is walking somewhere
00:01:58 - 00:01:58
Lepore is describing the archive as if it is a physical space - items are cluttered, and some roll away under the shelf so she has to bend to pick them up
00:02:03 - 00:02:03
Footsteps are not only faint, but are creaking
00:02:27 - 00:02:27
Primary goal: to uncover how we know what we know
00:02:33 - 00:02:33
Sound of a door opening as Lepore introduces 'the last archive'
00:03:12 - 00:03:12
Harold Jackson discovers body, gasps, and runs to inform a policeman
00:03:25 - 00:03:25
Very vivid descriptions - Lucina's body is described as laying "pale and animal" against the grass
00:03:30 - 00:03:30
Lucina described as a kill, something hunted, a fox in a trap, a fish on a hook, a bird on a spit
00:04:21 - 00:04:21
Crowd of people gathered around the dead body; prolonged scream
00:04:33 - 00:04:33
Pointing to the stereotypes of so many murder mysteries
00:05:25 - 00:05:25
Using Lucina's case and other examples to ask the question "Who killed truth?"
00:06:28 - 00:06:28
Very faint sound of thunder in background?
00:06:48 - 00:06:48
Sound of camera flashbulb going off
00:06:59 - 00:06:59
Lepore describes the visceral physical reaction she has to discovering the photo of Lucina's corpse
00:07:27 - 00:07:27
Lepore is intent on describing Lucina as a silenced woman - she wants to make Lucina "speak"
00:09:09 - 00:09:09
Lepore imagines the way a reporter would have sounded - she instills her own understandings/perspective into the "investigation"
00:09:27 - 00:09:27
Reporter's voice reading aloud what he is typing down about the case; note that Lepore is stating that this is how she imagines reporters talked
00:10:20 - 00:10:20
Lepore notes that the style of reporting used in the local newspaper resembles true crime fads of the time
00:10:30 - 00:10:30
Clacking typewriter keys
00:10:46 - 00:10:46
Rhythmic ticking sound - very likely the ticking of a clock
00:11:18 - 00:11:18
Hooves clopping
00:12:00 - 00:12:00
Historians are coroners too - Lepore compares her investigation to an autopsy
00:13:05 - 00:13:05
A man's voice dramatically reading the options provided on a bill of mortality
00:13:58 - 00:13:58
Odd insistence of the poetry surrounding a "bill of mortality" - is Lepore doing the same type of romanticizing that she somewhat criticizes in true crime content?
00:13:59 - 00:13:59
Medical examiner reading out options from cause of death list; reading in a much more monotone voice
00:14:13 - 00:14:13
Dramatic voice returns for what Lepore would have chosen from the bill of mortality
00:14:20 - 00:14:20
Monotone voice of medical examiner returns for Lucina's listed cause of death
00:15:25 - 00:15:25
Phone ringing
00:15:30 - 00:15:30
Introduction of James R. Wood, the outside detective hired to investigate Lucina's case
00:16:22 - 00:16:22
Sounds of a train chugging
00:16:41 - 00:16:41
Lepore first mentions James R. Wood's detective notebook; most of what his re-enacted voice says comes from the notebook itself
00:18:03 - 00:18:03
Labeling a clue as a type of fact - are they always the same?
00:18:53 - 00:18:53
James R. Wood's voice recounting some of the clues he wrote down in his notebook
00:19:53 - 00:19:53
Any time Lepore wants to recall something from James R. Wood's notebook, "his" voice is used
00:20:56 - 00:20:56
Lucina Broadwell's "voice" used to read out a portion of a letter that she wrote to Grace Grimes
00:21:08 - 00:21:08
Assurance that we know something was said if it was written in the historical document - does this leave room for human error in recording what was said?
00:21:38 - 00:21:38
Why does Lepore choose to re-enact something that we don't technically have firsthand knowledge of (i.e., the letter)?
00:23:56 - 00:23:56
Sounds of footsteps in hotel room
00:24:35 - 00:24:35
Re-creation of moments from James Wood's interrogation of George Long
00:24:55 - 00:24:55
Sounds of shuffling paper
00:25:21 - 00:25:21
Continued use of creaking foostep sounds
00:26:20 - 00:26:20
Very faint sounds of a crowded room?
00:26:31 - 00:26:31
Sounds of typewriters clacking and a gavel hitting
00:27:08 - 00:27:08
Recreation of moments from George Long's trial; specifically, George long being questioned and giving testimony
00:27:25 - 00:27:25
The court calls James Wood to the stand to testify about his interrogation of Long
00:28:22 - 00:28:22
James Wood is questioned by Long's lawyer about keeping Long for a four-day interrogation at the Barre Hotel
00:30:00 - 00:30:00
Jury reading out their verdict
00:30:05 - 00:30:05
Gavel banging and sounds of murmured surprise from crowd
00:31:36 - 00:31:36
Clacking typewriter
00:31:43 - 00:31:43
The assumption that the trial transcripts would be buried deep in the Vermont State Archives - upholding the idea of archives as buried treasure
00:31:57 - 00:31:57
Background sounds of driving to the Vermont State Archives
00:32:54 - 00:32:54
Creaking doors and shuffling - but unlike other sound effects, these are left-in background noises from Lepore's actual visit to the state archives
00:33:49 - 00:33:49
The state archivist discusses the moment of discovery when you unearth something lost
00:34:47 - 00:34:47
Recreation of a portion of the interrogation between James Wood and George Long that could not be printed because it involves the use of birth control
00:36:07 - 00:36:07
Lepore making an observation about what could be printed - details of the murder were not obscene, but details about birth control were
00:38:29 - 00:38:29
Archivist describing Barre as being weighted with history
00:40:05 - 00:40:05
Poignant moment where Lepore visits the site where Lucina's corpse was discovered
00:40:23 - 00:40:23
Lepore discusses the fact that, for a long time, only men could serve on juries - only men could decide matters of fact
00:41:19 - 00:41:19
Women in Vermont were not allowed to jurors until 1943
00:41:30 - 00:41:30
Lepore discusses Maude Wood Park - "like me, she couldn't stand the thought of silenced women"
00:42:16 - 00:42:16
Lepore repeatedly describes Lucina's corpse as "animal"
In other words, the podcast traces the history of truth, seeking to establish a historical context for our current “post-truth” society. This essay critically examines how Lepore rhetorically constructs the last archive in order to establish the “truth” of the archival records she uses as a basis for the stylizied reenactments included in each episode. Building on theories of the archive, as well as histories of radio drama and podcasting, this essay will draw out the tensions that arise from utilizing fictionalized reenactments to represent the “truth” of an archival documents. In particular, the essay intends to offer an understanding of the implications of presenting a fictionalized reenactment as a factual recounting of events in a publicly accessible media format.
