Annotating The Last Archive

Originally authored by Ali Gunnells and edited by Sam Turner, this project is the culmination of an independent study conducted under the supervision of Dr. Tanya Clement during the summer of 2022. The project explores how archival rhetorics are employed in contemporary podcasting through an analysis of Jill Lepore’s podcast The Last Archive. In the pages of this AVAnnotate project, you will find annotations of the first four episodes of The Last Archive Season 1, which were completed using Audacity. The project abstract is included below, and the full contextual essay can be found on the "Context Essay" page.

Abstract

The Last Archive, a podcast created and hosted by historian Jill Lepore, asks the provocative question, “Who killed the truth?”

00:00:00 / 00:00:00

Annotations

00:01:15 - 00:01:15

First descriptions of the last archive include a corridor of the mind, shelves stuffed with proof

Content

00:01:19 - 00:01:19

Faint sount of light footsteps in the background; sense that Lepore is walking somewhere

Sound Effects

00:01:58 - 00:01:58

Lepore is describing the archive as if it is a physical space - items are cluttered, and some roll away under the shelf so she has to bend to pick them up

Content

00:02:03 - 00:02:03

Footsteps are not only faint, but are creaking

Sound Effects

00:02:27 - 00:02:27

Primary goal: to uncover how we know what we know

Content

00:02:33 - 00:02:33

Sound of a door opening as Lepore introduces 'the last archive'

Sound Effects

00:03:12 - 00:03:12

Harold Jackson discovers body, gasps, and runs to inform a policeman

Reenactments

00:03:25 - 00:03:25

Very vivid descriptions - Lucina's body is described as laying "pale and animal" against the grass

Content

00:03:30 - 00:03:30

Lucina described as a kill, something hunted, a fox in a trap, a fish on a hook, a bird on a spit

Content

00:04:21 - 00:04:21

Crowd of people gathered around the dead body; prolonged scream

Reenactments

00:04:33 - 00:04:33

Pointing to the stereotypes of so many murder mysteries

Content

00:05:25 - 00:05:25

Using Lucina's case and other examples to ask the question "Who killed truth?"

Content

00:06:28 - 00:06:28

Very faint sound of thunder in background?

Sound Effects

00:06:48 - 00:06:48

Sound of camera flashbulb going off

Sound Effects

00:06:59 - 00:06:59

Lepore describes the visceral physical reaction she has to discovering the photo of Lucina's corpse

Content

00:07:27 - 00:07:27

Lepore is intent on describing Lucina as a silenced woman - she wants to make Lucina "speak"

Content

00:09:09 - 00:09:09

Lepore imagines the way a reporter would have sounded - she instills her own understandings/perspective into the "investigation"

Content

00:09:27 - 00:09:27

Reporter's voice reading aloud what he is typing down about the case; note that Lepore is stating that this is how she imagines reporters talked

Reenactments

00:10:20 - 00:10:20

Lepore notes that the style of reporting used in the local newspaper resembles true crime fads of the time

Content

00:10:30 - 00:10:30

Clacking typewriter keys

Sound Effects

00:10:46 - 00:10:46

Rhythmic ticking sound - very likely the ticking of a clock

Sound Effects

00:11:18 - 00:11:18

Hooves clopping

Sound Effects

00:12:00 - 00:12:00

Historians are coroners too - Lepore compares her investigation to an autopsy

Content

00:13:05 - 00:13:05

A man's voice dramatically reading the options provided on a bill of mortality

Reenactments

00:13:58 - 00:13:58

Odd insistence of the poetry surrounding a "bill of mortality" - is Lepore doing the same type of romanticizing that she somewhat criticizes in true crime content?

Content

00:13:59 - 00:13:59

Medical examiner reading out options from cause of death list; reading in a much more monotone voice

Reenactments

00:14:13 - 00:14:13

Dramatic voice returns for what Lepore would have chosen from the bill of mortality

Reenactments

00:14:20 - 00:14:20

Monotone voice of medical examiner returns for Lucina's listed cause of death

Reenactments

00:15:25 - 00:15:25

Phone ringing

Sound Effects

00:15:30 - 00:15:30

Introduction of James R. Wood, the outside detective hired to investigate Lucina's case

Reenactments

00:16:22 - 00:16:22

Sounds of a train chugging

Sound Effects

00:16:41 - 00:16:41

Lepore first mentions James R. Wood's detective notebook; most of what his re-enacted voice says comes from the notebook itself

Reenactments

00:18:03 - 00:18:03

Labeling a clue as a type of fact - are they always the same?

Content

00:18:53 - 00:18:53

James R. Wood's voice recounting some of the clues he wrote down in his notebook

Reenactments

00:19:53 - 00:19:53

Any time Lepore wants to recall something from James R. Wood's notebook, "his" voice is used

Reenactments

00:20:56 - 00:20:56

Lucina Broadwell's "voice" used to read out a portion of a letter that she wrote to Grace Grimes

Reenactments

00:21:08 - 00:21:08

Assurance that we know something was said if it was written in the historical document - does this leave room for human error in recording what was said?

Content

00:21:38 - 00:21:38

Why does Lepore choose to re-enact something that we don't technically have firsthand knowledge of (i.e., the letter)?

Content

00:23:56 - 00:23:56

Sounds of footsteps in hotel room

Sound Effects

00:24:35 - 00:24:35

Re-creation of moments from James Wood's interrogation of George Long

Reenactments

00:24:55 - 00:24:55

Sounds of shuffling paper

Sound Effects

00:25:21 - 00:25:21

Continued use of creaking foostep sounds

Sound Effects

00:26:20 - 00:26:20

Very faint sounds of a crowded room?

Sound Effects

00:26:31 - 00:26:31

Sounds of typewriters clacking and a gavel hitting

Sound Effects

00:27:08 - 00:27:08

Recreation of moments from George Long's trial; specifically, George long being questioned and giving testimony

Reenactments

00:27:25 - 00:27:25

The court calls James Wood to the stand to testify about his interrogation of Long

Reenactments

00:28:22 - 00:28:22

James Wood is questioned by Long's lawyer about keeping Long for a four-day interrogation at the Barre Hotel

Reenactments

00:30:00 - 00:30:00

Jury reading out their verdict

Reenactments

00:30:05 - 00:30:05

Gavel banging and sounds of murmured surprise from crowd

Sound Effects

00:31:36 - 00:31:36

Clacking typewriter

Sound Effects

00:31:43 - 00:31:43

The assumption that the trial transcripts would be buried deep in the Vermont State Archives - upholding the idea of archives as buried treasure

Content

00:31:57 - 00:31:57

Background sounds of driving to the Vermont State Archives

Sound Effects

00:32:54 - 00:32:54

Creaking doors and shuffling - but unlike other sound effects, these are left-in background noises from Lepore's actual visit to the state archives

Sound Effects

00:33:49 - 00:33:49

The state archivist discusses the moment of discovery when you unearth something lost

Content

00:34:47 - 00:34:47

Recreation of a portion of the interrogation between James Wood and George Long that could not be printed because it involves the use of birth control

Reenactments

00:36:07 - 00:36:07

Lepore making an observation about what could be printed - details of the murder were not obscene, but details about birth control were

Content

00:38:29 - 00:38:29

Archivist describing Barre as being weighted with history

Content

00:40:05 - 00:40:05

Poignant moment where Lepore visits the site where Lucina's corpse was discovered

Content

00:40:23 - 00:40:23

Lepore discusses the fact that, for a long time, only men could serve on juries - only men could decide matters of fact

Content

00:41:19 - 00:41:19

Women in Vermont were not allowed to jurors until 1943

Content

00:41:30 - 00:41:30

Lepore discusses Maude Wood Park - "like me, she couldn't stand the thought of silenced women"

Content

00:42:16 - 00:42:16

Lepore repeatedly describes Lucina's corpse as "animal"

Content

In other words, the podcast traces the history of truth, seeking to establish a historical context for our current “post-truth” society. This essay critically examines how Lepore rhetorically constructs the last archive in order to establish the “truth” of the archival records she uses as a basis for the stylizied reenactments included in each episode. Building on theories of the archive, as well as histories of radio drama and podcasting, this essay will draw out the tensions that arise from utilizing fictionalized reenactments to represent the “truth” of an archival documents. In particular, the essay intends to offer an understanding of the implications of presenting a fictionalized reenactment as a factual recounting of events in a publicly accessible media format.

Project By: Ali Gunnells, edited by Sam Turner
This site was generated by AVAnnotate IIIF Manifest